Saturday, April 26, 2014

Κυριακή τοῦ Θωμά - Sunday of Saint Thomas

Is the Orthros Gospel read from inside the Holy Altar on the Sunday of Saint Thomas?

There seems to be some confusion about the answer to this question among the different liturgical traditions of St. Savas and the modern Great Church.

Perhaps, the confusion commences from the inclusion of the Sunday of Saint Thomas in the list of Feasts of the Lord (Δεσποτικές Εορτές).  No hymns from the Sunday Octoechos are chanted on this day - but it's not correct to say that Resurrectional hymns are not chanted.  We do chant Christ is Risen...  as well as several other hymns.

What do the different typika say about it?

The Church of Greece appoints the Orthros Gospel to be read from within the Holy Altar and for the 50th Psalm to be chanted as any other Sunday, which means that the Gospel is then accordingly brought out from the Sanctuary to be reverenced by the faithful.  See for example this years description on April 27th (p. 179 and on):

Diptychs of the Church of Greece April, 2014
Δίπτυχα της Εκκλησίας της Ελλάδος Απρίλιος 2014

Konstantinos' Typikon (1838, p. 196) states "ἅπασα ἡ τάξις τοῦ Ἑωθινοῦ Εὐαγγελίου" meaning that the Gospel is read and the 50th Psalm is chanted and venerated, without explicitly stating that the Gospel is read from the Holy Altar.  This is what Violakis Typikon (1888, p. 392) states as well.

The Typikon of Saint Savas (as seen below in the edition by Antionios Pinellos, 1615) on the other hand doesn't even mention the Eothinon, it simply states "Εὐαγγέλιον κατὰ Ματθαὶου" - leaving even more to interpretation than even the typika of the Great Church.



The confusion occurs in an obscure footnote in Konstantinos' Typikon (1838, p. 196) - after the Anavathmoi it prescribes the reading of the Eothinon Gospel and then references a footnote that states that in the Great Church the Gospel is read after the Katavasies.  In fact it is after the Katavasies that Konstantinos states "ἅπασα ἡ τάξις τοῦ Ἑωθινοῦ Εὐαγγελίου"in the main text.  Violakis' Typikon  follows suit and has a similar footnote without mentioning the Gospel after the Anavathmoi in the text.  Like Konstantinos' text only after the Katavasies  does it prescribe "ἅπασα ἡ τάξις..." (1888, p. 392).  

Tuesday, December 6, 2011

Our Father among the Saints Nicholas the Wonderworker - Τοῦ ἐν Ἁγίοις Πατρός ἡμῶν Νικολάου τοῦ Θαυματουργοῦ

Τρίτη: Τοῦ ἐν Ἁγίοις Πατρός ἡμῶν Νικολάου, Eπισκόπου Μύρων τῆς Λυκίας τοῦ Θαυματουργοῦ.


Τῇ  Δευτέρᾳ ἑσπέρας: Θ΄ ΩΡΑ
Ἀπολυτίκιον: «Ταῖς τῶν δακρύων σου ῥοαῖς...».
Κοντάκιον: «Ὡς ἀπό βρέφους...».
Ἀπόλυσις: Μικρά.
ΕΣΠΕΡΙΝΟΣ
Προοιμιακός – Ψαλτήριον.
Εἰς τό· «Κύριε, ἐκέκραξα...».
Ἑσπέρια: Τά 4 Στιχηρά Προσόμοια τοῦ Ἱεράρχου· «Μύροις, παροικήσας αἰσθητῶς... – Νίκη φερωνύμως ἀληθῶς...– Ὤφθης Κωνσταντίνῳ Βασιλεῖ... – Μέγας ἀντιλήπτωρ καί θερμός...» εἰς 6, τά δύο πρῶτα ἐκ δευτέρου.
Δόξα: Τό Ἰδιόμελον τοῦ Ἱεράρχου· «Ἱεραρχῶν τήν καλλονήν...».
Καί νῦν: Τό Προεόρτιον Ἰδιόμελον· «Σπήλαιον εὐτρεπίζου...».
Εἴσοδος: «Φῶς ἱλαρόν...». Τό Προκείμενον τῆς ἡμέρας καί τά Ἀναγνώσματα.
Ἀπόστιχα: Τά 3 Στιχηρά Προσόμοια τοῦ Ἱεράρχου· «Χαίροις, ἡ ἱερά κεφαλή… – Χαίροις, ὁ ἱερώτατος νοῦς... – Χαίροις, ὁ ζήλου θείου πλησθείς...», μετά τῶν πρό αὐτῶν στίχων εἰς τά δύο τελευταῖα: α΄.– «Τίμιος ἐναντίον Κυρίου ὁ θάνατος τοῦ Ὁσίου αὐτοῦ». β΄. – «Μακάριος ἀνήρ ὁ φοβούμενος τόν Κύριον· ἐν ταῖς ἐντολαῖς αὐτοῦ θελήσει σφόδρα».
Δόξα: Τό Ἰδιόμελον αὐτῶν· «Ἄνθρωπε τοῦ Θεοῦ...».
Καί νῦν: Τό ἓτερον Προεόρτιον Ἰδιόμελον· «Ἀνύμφευτε Παρθένε...».
Τρισάγιον.
Ἀπολυτίκια: 1.– Τοῦ Ἱεράρχου· «Κανόνα πίστεως...» καί 2.– Δόξα, Καί νῦν, τό ὁμόηχον Θεοτοκίον αὐτοῦ· «Τό ἀπ’ αἰῶνος ἀπόκρυφον...».
Ἀπόλυσις.
Τῇ Τρίτῃ πρωΐ: ΜΕΣΟΝΥΚΤΙΚΟΝ.
Μετά τόν Ν΄ Ψαλμόν, τά διά τήν Λιτήν Στιχηρά Ἰδιόμελα τοῦ Ἁγίου·«Ἐνατενίσας ἀκλινῶς...», κτλ. μετά τοῦ Δόξα, Καί νῦν αὐτῶν. Τρισάγιον καί τό Ἀπολυτίκιον τοῦ Ἱεράρχου· «Κανόνα πίστεως...».
ΟΡΘΡΟΣ
Ἑξάψαλμος.
Εἰς τό· «Θεός Κύριος...».
Ἀπολυτίκια: 1.– Τοῦ Ἱεράρχου· «Κανόνα πίστεως...». 2.– Δόξα, τό αὐτό καί 3.– Καί νῦν, τό ὁμόηχον Θεοτοκίον αὐτοῦ· «Τό ἀπ’ αἰῶνος ἀπόκρυφον...».
Καθίσματα: Τοῦ Ἱεράρχου τῆς α΄ καί β΄ Στιχολογίας καί τό μετά τόν Πολυέλεον μετά τῶν Θεοτοκίων αὐτῶν, ὡς ἐν τῷ Μηναίῳ.
Ἀναβαθμοί: Τό α΄ Ἀντίφωνον τοῦ δ΄ ἤχου· «Ἐκ νεότητός μου...».
Προκείμενον: «Τίμιος ἐναντίον Κυρίου ὁ θάνατος τοῦ Ὁσίου αὐτοῦ».
Στίχος: «Τί ἀνταποδώσωμεν τῷ Κυρίῳ περί πάντων, ὧν ἀνταπέδωκεν ἡμῖν;».
Εὐαγγέλιον Ὄρθρου: Τοῦ Ἱεράρχου· «Ἀμήν, ἀμήν λέγω ὑμῖν, ὁ μή εἰσερχόμενος διά τῆς θύρας...» (Ἰω. ι΄ 1-9).
Ὁ Ν΄ Ψαλμός: (Χῦμα). Δόξα· «Ταῖς τοῦ Ἱεράρχου...». Καί νῦν· «Ταῖς τῆς Θεοτόκου...» καί τό Ἰδιόμελον· «Εὖ δούλε ἀγαθέ...».
Κανόνες: 1.– Τῆς Θεοτόκου· «Σοφίας τήν ἄβυσσον...», μετά τῶν Εἱρμῶν αὐτοῦ καί 2.– Ὁ β΄ τοῦ Ἱεράρχου· «Ἀπόρῳ γλώττῃ καί χείλεσιν...».
Ἀπό γ΄ ᾨδῆς·
Μεσῴδιον Κάθισμα: Τοῦ Ἱεράρχου· «Ποταμόν ἰαμάτων ὑπερχειλῆ...», μετά τοῦ Θεοτοκίου αὐτοῦ· «Τήν Σοφίαν καί Λόγον...».
Ἀφ’ ς΄ ᾨδῆς·
Κοντάκιον – Οἶκος: Τοῦ Ἱεράρχου.
Συναξάριον: Τῆς ἡμέρας.
Καταβασίαι: «Χριστός γεννᾶται...».
Ἡ Τιμιωτέρα.
Εἱρμός θ΄ ᾨδῆς: «Μεγάλυνον, ψυχή μου... – Μυστήριον ξένον...».
Ἐξαποστειλάρια: 1.– Τά δύο τοῦ Ἱεράρχου· «Τόν μέγαν ἀρχιποίμενα...» καί·«Μεγάλως σε ἐδόξασεν...» καί 2.– Τό Θεοτοκίον αὐτῶν· «Σοφίαν ἐνυπόστατον...».
Αἶνοι: Τά 4 Στιχηρά Προσόμοια τοῦ Ἱεράρχου· «Τῆς Ἐκκλησίας τά ἄνθη... – Τῆς ἱερᾶς διπλοΐδας... – Τῶν ἀθεάτων τά κάλλη... – Ὡς ἐν ὀνείρῳ ἐπέστης...».
Δόξα: Τό Ἰδιόμελον αὐτῶν· «Σαλπίσωμεν ἐν σάλπιγγι...».
Καί νῦν: Τό ὁμόηχον Θεοτοκίον αὐτοῦ· «Μακαρίζομέν σε, Θεοτόκε Παρθένε...».
Δοξολογία: Μεγάλη.
«Κανόνα πίστεως...».
ΕΙΣ ΤΗΝ Θ. ΛΕΙΤΟΥΡΓΙΑΝ
«Κανόνα πίστεως...».
Εἴσοδος.
Εἰσοδικόν: «Δεῦτε προσκυνήσωμεν... ὁ ἐν ἁγίοις θαυμαστός...».
Μετά τήν Εἴσοδον.
Ἀπολυτίκια: 1.– Τοῦ Ἱεράρχου· «Κανόνα πίστεως...» καί 2.– Τοῦ Ναοῦ.
Κοντάκιον: «Ἡ Παρθένος σήμερον τόν προαιώνιον Λόγον...».
Τρισάγιον.
Ἀπόστολος: Τοῦ Ἱεράρχου· «Πείθεσθε τοῖς ἡγουμένοις ὑμῶν...» (Ἑβρ. ιγ΄ 17-21).
Εὐαγγέλιον: Ὁμοίως· «Ἔστη ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἐπί τόπου πεδινοῦ...» (Λουκ. ς΄ 17-23).
Εἰς τό Ἐξαιρέτως: «Ἄξιόν ἐστιν...».
Κοινωνικόν: «Εἰς μνημόσυνον...».
«Εἴδομεν τό φῶς...», κτλ.
Ἀπόλυσις.

Taken from ΗΟΠ 2011

Some sources cite St. Nicholas as Bishop of Myra (Επισκόπου Μύρων) and some as Archbishop (Αρχιεπισκόπου Μύρων).  The TME, Papagiannis in his Σύστημα Τυπικού and the Ωρολόγιον το Μέγα published by Το Περιβόλι της Παναγίας use the former.  While the ΗΟΠ 2011, the ΔΕΕ 2011 and the Menaia (1838) use the later.

Of note in the hymnology for the Feast of St. Nicholas is the Proertion (Προεόρτιον) hymn of Christmas that is chanted at the καὶ νῦν of the stichera.

Also of important note are the hymns that have been inserted into the Menaion by Nikolaos Malaksos (Νικόλαος Μαλαξός).  The TME (p. 109 fn. 1), TK 1838 (p. 41), and the Menaion (1863 p. 26) all have notes on this.  Malaksos apparently composed the hymns in honor of St. Nicholas and took it upon himself to send them along with hymns composed for the services of Sts. Gregory the Theologian and John Chrysostom to the publishers of the Menaia in Venice during the mid 1600's.  The publishers apparently inserted them into the Menaia and they seem to have been published in the text of the service ever since.  Papagiannis (p. 234, fn. 397) points out the other typika including Regas' Typikon (Τυπικόν του Γεωργίου Ρήγα, p. 350) that include the hymns in the "older" practice of chanting 8 stichera instead of the accepted 6.

Papagiannis (p. 234, fn.  398) also points out the peculiarity that exists in the chanting of the cannons for this day.  The existing practice in the TME (p. 110) is to skip the first cannon of St. Nicholas and only chant the second.  One apparent reason for skipping the first cannon of the Saint is that the cannon of the Theotokos that is chanted before it is in the same (1st) tone.

It should also be noted that the Orthros Gospel above (Jn. 10:1-9) is not the one given in the Menaion (1863, p. 29).  The Menaion lists the reading as "Τῷ καιρῷ ἐκείνῳ, ἡκολούθησαν τῷ Ἰησοῦ ὄχλοι" according to Matthew.  This reading could either be Mat. 12:15-21 read on the Saturday after Christmas, or Mat. 4:25-5:12 which can be read on the Feast of St. Gregory Bishop of Nyssa (Jan. 10) but which is usually replaced by the metheorton (μεθέορτον) Gospel reading of Theophany.

Tuesday, November 15, 2011

Beginning of the Christmas Fast - Diataxis of the Lenten Services

The Nativity Fast begins today.  The rules of fasting and prayer are modified but are not as strict as those during Great Lent before Easter.  For example we read in the Δίπτυχα της Εκκλησίας της Ελλάδος 2011, p. 329, that fish is allowed, except for Wednesdays and Fridays, until the 17th of December:
Είδησις.  Από σήμερον άρχεται η τεσσαρακοστή προ των Χριστουγέννων, εις ήν επιτρέπεται, εκτός Τετάρτης και παρασκευής, μέχρι μεν της 17ης Δεκεμβρίου κατάλυσις ιχθύοθς, από δε της 18ης εως της 24ης Δεκεμβρίου κατάλυσις οίνου και ελαίου....
For a detailed account of the fasting regulations during the Nativity Fast with patristic and canonical sources take a look at this pdf.  (compiled by Old Calendarists but with canonical sources)

According to the ancient typika of the monastic communities the daily services are also modified during the Fast. Below is an old Menaion of November (Venice, 1820, edited by Nikolaos Glykeis) which includes a very detailed diataxis of how the daily services are modified during the Christmas Fast.  The diataxis inserted in the Menaion by Nikolaos Glykeis is largely a reproduction of Chapters 4 and 5 of Markou Ieromonaxou᾽s (Μάρκου Ιερομονάχου) notes on the typikon that can be found in the printed editions of the Typikon of St. Savvas (Τυπικόν του Αγ. Σάββα).

It is worth noting that a concise diataxis of the changes has been compiled by Fr. Papagiannis in Σύστημα Τυπικού (p. 213 - 215)

The Patriarchal Typika of the 19th century including the TME are silent on the lenten changes in the daily services because it is an accepted practice that these changes are only observed in monastic communities.  The daily services of the parish churches are not altered during the Nativity Fast.  This is certainly one of the most important differences in the TME when compared to the Typikon of St. Savvas.




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